social networking sites - 4491 Words

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The Internet is more than just a means of seeking information. People discovered that the Internet could be used to connect with other people, whether for business or commercial purpose, make new friends, reawaken old friends and long lost relatives. The emergence of social networking sites (SNSs) simplify the whole process as majority of them are free to use, they are easier to use and navigate, because it does not require advanced knowledge and experience of the internet and are made up of a wide array of different formats and topics; this means that just about anyone can connect. Currently, there are hundreds of SNSs that can draw millions of people, with diverse technological affordances.†¦show more content†¦The profile is generated using the answers to these questions, which typically include descriptors such as age, location, interests, and an about me section. Most sites also encourage users to upload a profile photo. Some sites allow users to enhance their profiles by adding multimedia content or modifying their profile s look and feel. Others, such as Facebook, allow users to add modules (Applications) that enhance their profile. The visibility of a profile varies by site and according to user discretion. By default, profiles on Friendster and Tribe.net are crawled by search engines, making them visible to anyone, regardless of whether or not the viewer has an account. Alternatively, LinkedIn controls what a viewer may see based on whether she or he has a paid account. Sites like MySpace allow users to choose whether they want their profile to be public or Friends only. Facebook takes a different approach—by default, users who are part of the same network can view each other s profiles, unless a profile owner has decided to deny permission to those in their network. Structural variations around visibility and access are one of the primary ways that SNSs differentiate themselves from each other. (Boyd, 2006) After joining a social network site, users are prompted to identify others in the system with whom they have a relationship. The label for these relationships differs depending on the site—popular terms include Friends, Contacts, and Fans.Show MoreRelatedThe Use of Social Networking Sites1657 Words   |  7 PagesAdvantages, Abuses and Dangers. Their Advantages, Abuses and Dangers. The Use of Social Networking Sites The Use of Social Networking Sites Introduction: Human beings by and large are social. They feel an inherent need to connect and expand their connections. There is a deep rooted need among humans to share. In the past, due to geographical distances and economic concerns, connections between people were limited. A social network is made up of individuals that are connected to one another by a particularRead MoreSocial Networking Sites1296 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking Site A social networking site is an online service, platform, or a site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people who, for example, share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. It allows users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. Web-based social networking sites make it possible to connect with people who share interests and activities across political andRead MoreSocial Networking Sites1614 Words   |  7 PagesSocial networking sites Online social networking site is a very common tool for communicating and socializing with each other. Nowadays, most of the adolescent like to use Facebook. There is a rapid growth of the number of user of social networking sites. According the recent research, Kreutz (2009) stated that â€Å"starting from 1997 to 2010 there are some 1.5 billion users of social networking websites† (p.222). This shows that how popular the social networking site is. Although many parents thinkRead MoreSocial Networking Sites1062 Words   |  5 Pages Social networking sites (SNSs) are defined as â€Å"tools young people use to get in touch with peers sharing the same interests while facilitating opinion exchange and information sharing† [1]. Attributed to the convenience these SNSs brought to us, they play significant roles in our daily lives. They become the major channels for people to have contact with each other [2]. Gone were the days when people made connections with others m ostly through phone calls or letters. Generally, users communicateRead MoreThe And Social Networking Sites1630 Words   |  7 PagesNext time when you are hiring, do not look at the resume, just â€Å"stalk† the candidate’s Facebook profile page. Social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook, Instagram, etc. are definitely corrosive especially to communities that want to socialize by meeting peers in person, but are societally forced to gain access to such social networking sites. What is the true meaning of social networking? How has it changed in this fast paced society? I am sure our grandparents will be able to give us a spot-onRead MoreSocial Networking Site14603 Words   |  59 PagessCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction- Social Networking Sites Few years back, usage of social networking sites became popular around the world. Social networking sites are also known as social networking website. Social networking sites (SNSs) are increasingly attracting the attention of academic and industry researchers’ fascinated by their affordances and reach. Social networking sites are web-base service that building an online community of people that share same interest, or activitiesRead MoreThe Social Of Social Networking Sites1459 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Signals On June 2014, Matt Cutts announced Facebook, Twitter Social Signals not part of Google Search Ranking Algorithms. Social networking sites can still help you to easily connect prospect and direct traffic to your website. Use it correctly, your social profile page can show up on search result as it s matched with the searcher s intent. 23. Spend time on social networking sites While creating a business page on social media sites, you must promote and share web content relentlesslyRead Moreimpact of social networking sites1577 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING AMONG STUDENTS A STUDY OF NTHMC KRISHNA MAN SHRESTHA Symbol no. 12030706 P.U registration no: 2011-2-03-2065 Nepal Tourism and Hotel Management College (N.T.H.M.C) Business Management Center (B.M.C) Submitted for the degree of: Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A) Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER- I INTRODUCTIONRead MoreEssay on Social Networking Sites1624 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Social Networking Sites Social networking sites peaked the year 2007. These sites encouraged online social connections. Early sites such as SixDegrees.com and Friendster allowed people to manage a list of friends. One drawback to these sites was that they did not offer users the ability to publish content like blogs. Social networking sites begin with a group of founders sending out messages to friends to join the network. In turn the friends send out messages to their friends, and theRead MoreSocial Networking Sites and Privacy1155 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What do about ninety percent of us have in common? It’s the social networking sites that everyone is a part of these days, whether it’s your twelve year old nephew or your grandmother. Spending hours and hours connecting with your old friends and making new friends over the social networking sites has become a part of everyone’s daily routine. Nonetheless, recently privacy concerns over the social networking sites have taken its peak. Background It all started several decades back, when

Urban Legends Essay - 1537 Words

Jordan Groll American Society: Urban Legends in the Classroom What is it about America that causes students and people to crave an education? Could it be the intense pressures of society, or could it even be the simple fact that we want to educate ourselves? For centuries people were fine with being un-educated and life was simple and laid back, but when John Cotton (a noted Puritan Minister) established the first public school in America, people began to eat it up. And thus was the start of a race to the top and an obsession in today’s society about education. We are now living life in the fast lane, and most people don’t even have the time to stop and smell the flowers along the way. The Urban Legends, â€Å"Open Book†,†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"Reward† the student keeps himself accountable for his own success by working diligently and giving it all of his effort, because he knows that the only way to success is to walk down a road less traveled. Is it impossible to solve a rubix cube? Its not impossible, one just needs to know the right algorithms used to solve it. This is very similar to the Urban Legend of â€Å"The Unsolvable Problem†. In this tale, a student mistakes an example of an unsolvable math problem for his assigned homework, and after several long hours of hard work and dedication, he solves it. As we can see, the student genuinely cares about his education, and he is willing to solve any problem in his path in order to be educated. This brings us back to the example of the rubix cube. With enough dedication it can be solved without algorithms. These urban legends are clearly directed towards the younger generations as they are the ones who are still in school and are sifting through the slow process of the education system. All three of these urban legends/tales have the same theme of teens and education. They are all written for a specific audience type, and in these three the specific audience happens to b e teenagers or the younger generation. The Purpose of these legends is too relate to the teens in a way which will make them want to listen, and then to plant a seed or a message deep down inside of their heads which tells them to stay in school and to stress how importantShow MoreRelatedUrban Legends Essay841 Words   |  4 Pages We have all heard of strange and gory stories that are supposedly true, experienced by a friend of a friend. Whether true or not these so called urban legends tend to circulate throughout society thriving on each individuals fears and curiosity. What most people dont realize is, within these tales lies the attitudes and values of a community. These tales do not survive throughout the years solely on the basis of their entertainment level, but due to the fact that they reflect societys fearsRead MoreUrban Myths Of Urban Legends981 Words   |  4 PagesImagine the urban legends from your younger years, a reminiscent of your wildest fears. Your heart ra te gradually increases from the thought, feeling it pump out from your chest. Your breathing staggers and paranoia surrounds you. You’re frozen from fear, yet you can’t run or fight it off. As we grow, urban legends are intended to make us feel specific emotions: as children they instill fear, as adolescents they’re meant more as humorous banter, while as adults, they’re forgotten and replaced withRead MoreEssay on Urban Legend of Car Headlights1480 Words   |  6 Pagestheir urban legends. One legend, often called â€Å"Lights Out,† was mentioned by just about all of the students I interviewed. Those who did not mention it on their own recognized it when I described it. I interviewed a 19-year-old male sophomore who anticipates getting into the School of Business. He transferred from Community College this past fall, and currently lives with a relative in a nearby off-campus home. He went to a small Catholic high school. He recalls first hearing this legend earlyRead MoreEssay about Urban Legends1228 Words   |  5 Pages Joel Beckwith Febuary 13, 2001 Urban Legends In this paper I will explain exactly what an urban legend is,and give some examples of very popular ones that have been passed by word of mouth for decades across the United States. 1 quot; An urban legend is a story that is so bizarre,horrifying,or unexplainable, that it makes something inside of us want to believe it.quot; Urban Legends can have traced origins from other countries, universities, states, or people,that just decided to madeRead MoreWhat are Urban Legends? Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesAPS ISU – Urban Legends What are Urban Legends? How would one define an urban legend and what is it that differentiates it from other similar terms such as legends, myths and folklore? These terms tend to be group together, and for good reason considering they are all interrelated of each other as a means of storytelling. A legend is established upon historic events but have a fictional component to them and possess great significance to the culture from where it was born. Examples include theRead More The Urban Legend of Bloody Mary Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pagesyears) (The Internet Movie Database). This particular version of the popular urban legend of Bloody Mary originates locally from North Potomac, Maryland. The storyteller is a female 19-year-old Caucasian sophomore student, currently studying psychology at the University. The story was collected in the spring on the University campus. After dinner, in a one-on-one environment, she began the story of an urban legend from her childhood. I remember this from back in second grade. It scaredRead MoreEssay about The Urban Legend of the Backseat Murderer1024 Words   |  5 PagesThe Backseat Murderer A good urban legend is like a good movie. It unfolds perfectly and it appeals to the audience’s hopes, fears, and anxieties. The urban legend I am about to describe was told by a first year female biology major at the University. She is of Indian descent and both her parents work in the biotechnology field. I collected this story on a Sunday night in the dorm. The fact that it was nighttime helped create the proper mood for the story. It was told in a dimly lit dorm roomRead More To Believe or Not to Believe, Modern Urban Legends Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pages To Believe or Not To Believe Modern Urban Legends nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many people have heard the tale of the dotty grandmother who tried to dry off her damp poodle by placing it in the microwave oven. The dog exploded, sad to say the least , and Grandma has never been quite the same since. The story is not true; it is an urban legend, circulating by word of mouth since the 1970s (Brunvand, 108). Urban legends are popular stories alleged to be true and transmitted from person to personRead MorePathos And Logos Of The Urban Legend Head On A Stick957 Words   |  4 PagesUrban Legends: a story, usually horrific, which uses pieces of history and information to create a story which is circulated through several generations and cultures. The person telling an urban legend more likely than not has heard the story from someone else. Urban legends are passed down from parents, grandparents, friends, siblings etc... The story has been morphed so many times over the years that the true story behind the legend has been lost in the web of its new versions. Although terrifyingRead MoreInfluence Of Urban Legends On Various Art Forms Of 21st Century3442 Words   |  14 PagesSummer Project On ‘Influence of Urban Legends on Various Art forms Of 21st Century ’ In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Award of Degree of B.A. Hons. English - 3 Submitted By: Supervised By: Annant Gaur Dr. Smita Mishra A0706113077 Asst. Professor Amity Institute of English Studies and Research AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH India DECLARATION Date: 30.7.2014 I, Annant Gaur, student of B.A. Hons

Illiteracy The Interior Demon - 1126 Words

Rayce B. Gibson Mrs. O’Sullivan English 2 4 September 2015 Illiteracy: The Interior Demon Imagine a young fourth grader sitting in a classroom with about twenty other children. At first, they all appear to be the same. Just a blur of average-looking students sitting at their desks with literature books opened up to page forty-five. The teacher is calling on each of the students, asking them to each read a paragraph from the selected passage. All of them are having no trouble with verbalizing the words that are printed on the page that is until the teacher calls out the name of that one specific child, the one that sits in the back at the corner table, with a little bead of sweat running down their forehead, the one that stumbles on the†¦show more content†¦All in all, there are obvious advantages and conveniences in possessing the ability to read and write. These include a security in economics, being able to obtain health care, and having the capability to actively engage in the community (Crum). In addition, it helps people achiev e their desired career. Also, written composition is an important aspect in almost every academic course that exists. It is rare to have a class where there is no written component. As can be seen, literacy is an important aspect of all things that lead to success. On the negative side of things, two-thirds of the students who are not able to read adequately by the end of their fourth grade year will end up in jail or on welfare. According to the Department of Justice, there is a close relation between not being able to read or write and â€Å"delinquency, violence, and crime† (Literacy Statistics). This information is backed up by the astonishing fact that over seventy percent of the inmates in America cannot read above a fourth grade level. To put it in another way, an average fifth grader is more literate than the majority of the inmates that are in this nation’s prisons. It is also important to realize the statistics connected to juvenile delinquency and illiteracy . Being stated in the previously mentioned source, â€Å"85 percent of all juveniles who interface with the juvenile court system are functionally illiterate† (Literacy Statistics). This shows a direct

Can Rewards And Motivators Create A Drive For Better

It is a well-known fact that rewards and motivators create a drive for better results. Whether it be at work, school or a place of worship, we as people require recognition in order to continue and/or increase productivity (Gerdeman, Harvard Business School). Who doesn t love receiving awards for their handwork? Rewards are issued in many forms, they can either be intrinsic or extrinsic, most college students work part time - some full - in order to live comfortably as the financial aid granted from schools along with scholarships and grants aren t enough. Individuals attend post-secondary to better themselves as individuals, impact the society in a positive manner, and to pursuing their aspirations. The stress caused from working while in school tends to impede student academics, thus not allowing them to perform their finest. Students who earn a GPA of 3.7 or higher should receive free college tuition as a reward for their effort. Affordable tuition has been a discussion for years. The cost of post-secondary education has been on the rise, leaving many students strangled in debt before they graduate. Tuition is defined as money that is paid to a school for the right to study there (DICTIONARY.COM). It is logical to provide hard workers with rewards and recognition, in order to continue the reception of enhanced results. Free college tuition for those who do just that – work hard – should be deliberated. This incentive will not only ignite a drive in studentsShow MoreRelatedHow Motivation Helps Motivate Those Who They Lead Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers being able to complete individual tasks and goals, as well as being able to work together to complete overall organizational level tasks and goals as a unit. Everyone needs to be able to thrive off each other in a positive manner to become better and more productive as teams. A clear and effective way of doing this is being able to motivate oneself as well as motivate those around. Although motivation may start at the top of the hierarchy chain in an organization, effective motivation hasRead MoreEmployee Motivation: A Powerful New Model in HRM1216 Words   |  5 Pagesdrivers of employee motivation, the l evers the managers can pull to address them and the local strategies that can boost motivation despite organizational constraints. Finding of new research introduce a model that establishes the four basic emotional need people exhibit; they are the drive to acquire, bond, comprehend and defend. Also it exhort organizations take an holistic approach to satisfy employee’s emotional needs through its reward system, culture, management systems, and design of jobsRead MoreMotivation Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesdeficiency or need that activates a behaviour or a drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive (Luthans). Broadly speaking, motivation is willingness to exert high levels of efforts towards organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts’ ability to satisfy some individual needs (Robbins). Need means some internal state that make certain outcomes appear attractive. An unsatisfied need creates tension that stimulates drives within the individual. These drives gene rate a search behaviour to find particularRead MoreWe Need More Engagement Around Here765 Words   |  4 Pagesfor their work. Alternative 2: Recognition and rewards The management could make use of pride as a motivator by giving recognitions and rewards to those who have excelled in the workplace. Recognition is such a potentially powerful motivator. This could be done by giving recognition to the most industrious employee of every month, and selecting one most industrious employee for the year. Rewards can be a simple gift certificate or a custom-made plaque of recognition. Read MoreDeveloping Capacity Of Employees : An Effective Performance Management System Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesreviews to assess progress and meetings to discuss training and advancement opportunities contribute to a better use or the development of employees’ knowledge/skills/abilities. Motivate and engage employees: It gives employees transparency, clarity, meaningfulness to their job, opportunities to voice their views and a sense of connectivity. Ultimately it creates an atmosphere of trust and drives strong employment engagement. Induction, goal setting, on-going dialogue about LD, positive, constructiveRead MoreThe Importance of Reward in Motivation1742 Words   |  7 Pagesan internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude ofRead MoreLeadership Coaching And Feedback Oriented Performance Management System885 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Deloitte University Press, starting at the top with senior level managers can help companies implement the new coaching and feedback oriented performance management from the traditional â€Å"rank and yank† performance mana gement system successfully (Barry, Garr, and Liakopoulos). Senior leaders can help the organization determine what exactly the organization wants to achieve from its performance management system and what system will best work the implement. Effective leadership caresRead MoreAn Intervention Plan Based On Howard s Functional Behavior Assessment796 Words   |  4 Pagesas misbehaviors in the classroom at times. The purpose of this to create an intervention plan based on Howard’s Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA). Culturally Responsive Learning Generating a learning community is a collaborative effort that requires an inclusive background of experts. Together, teachers, parents/guardians, and other professionals can create a comprehensive behavior intervention plan to understand Howard better. Creating culturally responsive learning environments requires a multidisciplinaryRead MoreMotivation Concepts1537 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation can be defined as the arousal, direction and persistence of behavior. (Franken, 1994) Motivation is an internal state or condition that activates behavior giving direction towards ones desire or want. The motivational drive is a basic or instinctive need associated in the effort of behavior directed towards a goal-oriented cause. Curiosity is central to motivation for exploratory behavior. Curiosity has been referred as a passion for learning and a motivational drive in approachingRead MoreEmployee Satisfaction Variables Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesproductive and unproductive behav iors. By understanding motivation manager can increase productive behaviors such as coming on time and putting in more efforts. Relation-ship between motivation and satisfaction: Employee satisfaction and employee motivation goes hand in hand. A happy worker is a productive worker. The relation ship between employee satisfaction and employee motivation is a bit difficult. We can better understand the relation ship with the two factor theory. Two factor theory

Below the Line Sales Promotion Free Essays

BTL sales promotion is an immediate or delayed incentive to purchase, expressed in cash or in kind, and having short duration. It is efficient and cost-effective for targeting a limited and specific group. It uses less conventional methods than the usual ATL channels of advertising, typically focusing on direct means of communication, most commonly direct mail and e-mail, often using highly targeted lists of names to maximize response rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Below the Line Sales Promotion or any similar topic only for you Order Now BTL services may include those for which a fee is agreed upon and charged up front. BTL is a common technique used for â€Å"touch and feel† products (consumer items where the customer will rely on immediate information rather than previously researched items). BTL techniques ensures recall of the brand while at the same time highlighting the features of the product. Another BTL technique involves sales personnel deployed at retail stores near targeted products. This technique may be used to generate trials of newly launched products. It helps marketers establish one-to-one relationship with consumers while mass promotions, by definition, make it difficult to gauge consumer-response, except at the time of sales. Examples include tele-marketing, road shows, promotions, in- shop and shop-front activities, display units. The terms â€Å"below the line† promotion or communications, refers to forms of non-media communication, even non-media advertising. Below the line promotions are becoming increasingly important within the communications mix of many companies, not only those involved in FMCG products, but also for industrial goods. Below the line sales promotions are short-term incentives, largely aimed at consumers. With the increasing pressure on the marketing team to achieve communication objectives more efficiently in a limited budget, there has been a need to find out more effective and cost efficient ways to communicate with the target markets. This has led to a shift from the regular media based advertising. In other words, below-the-line sales promotion is an immediate or delayed incentive to purchase, expressed in cash or in kind, and having only a short term or temporary duration. Below the Line uses less conventional methods than the usual specific channels of advertising to promote products, services, etc. than Above the Line strategies. These may include activities such as direct mail, public relations and sales promotions for which a fee is agreed upon and charged up front. Below the line advertising typically focuses on direct means of communication often using highly targeted lists of names to maximize response rates. Trained sales personnel, often young women, are deployed at Retail Stores, near the shelves of targeted products. These young women convince customers visiting these shelves about the better aspects of their brand compared with others. This is ideal for new launches as it generates trials, which if successful result in repeat sales. In addition, above the line is much more effective when the target group is very large and difficult to define. But if the target group is limited and specific, it is always advisable to use BTL promotions for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Say, for example, if a pen manufacturer is going to promote its product, it may take the ATL route, but if a company manufactures computer UPS, it will certainly take the BTL route, as the target group is very limited and specific. More recently, agencies and clients have switched to an ‘Integrated Communication Approach. ‘ How to cite Below the Line Sales Promotion, Papers

Schism Between The Ussr And China Leap †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Schism Between The Ussr And China Leap? Answer: Introduction Two powerful communist nations of twentieth century were Peoples Republic of China and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Amidst the anti communist nations it was expected that the two great powers would be close allies but the Sino-Soviet Split proved that wrong.[1] There are various factors that influenced the schism between the USSR and China, but in the following discussion the focus will be on Mao Zedongs The Great Leap Forward being the primary force behind it. The origin of the Schism The origin of the split can be found in the Marxist theory of communism. The factory workers of the twentieth century were given the great importance in the Marxist theory.[2] According to Marx the proletariat are the factory workers who are capable of materializing the desired success against capitalism. In 1917 the theory was applied by some Marxist activists during Russian revolution; the participants were mainly factory workers.[3] The Russians communist leaders wanted the Chinese Communists to follow the same method during the revolution of 1930s and 40s.[4] However the social structure of China was different at that time. The factory workers of urban area were to exist in China. This originated the initial difference between both the nations communist activities. The Chinese communist revolutionary leader Mao Zedong rejected the proposal and focused on the rural farmers as the proletariats of the revolutionary. The Soviet approach towards communist revolution has been strugglin g to become the dominant revolution as most other Asian nations also lacked urban workers. The Maoist communist method was getting popularity over Marxist-Leninist method in most Asian countries like Cambodia, Vietnam or North Korea. De-Stalinization After the death of Stalin in 1953 the conflict became stronger. Mao Zedong represented himself as the chief leader of the international communist revolution but the newly elected president of USSR Nikita Khrushchev thought differently as he was the leader of a superpower nation f that time. Immediately after coming to power, Khrushchev started the process of De-Stalinization where he condemned Stalins crimes and returned to Socialism and Leninist principles.[5] However at that time the world of communism was following the steps of Stalin, so it affected the reputation of the countrys image. Through the De-Stabilization process Khrushchev leads the communist movement towards a peaceful coexistence with the western capitalist world. This came as a shock of communists revolution against the capitalism and damaged the reputation of the nations contribution to communism. The newly developed desire to build a relationship with the capitalist nation fueled to the conflicts.[6] The Sino-Sovi et Treaty of 1950 primarily happened because of the common purpose but the de-Stalinization by Khrushchev affected the purposes.[7] De-Stalinization is against the traditional Marxist-Leninist approach During 1950s china developed an economic reconstruction successfully that encouraged Mao Tse Tung and Mao Zedong, the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party to consider The Great Leap Forward which is based on classic Leninist Marxist method and differed from Khrushchevs reformist approach.[8] This militant approach towards economic development was developed to gain technological and economic development at fast pace. The leaders had little faith over Soviet approach towards financial, technical and economic assistance to their nation. This uncertainty was primary base for the project of The Great Leap Forward by the Chinese communist leaders. China had to improve its mechanization and industrialization that was far behind from most developed nations. Khrushchevs policies appeared to them no aligned with Chinas desire and they also wanted to overcome the political dependency. The Great Leap Forward was mainly included the most rural and few urban areas. The project was based on two a spects one is the commune formation of the people and the mass steel campaign. Chinas desire to become communist superpower through Economic Development Mao Zedong wanted the Peoples Republic China to become the communist super power by replacing the USSR. China has a contradictory stand against Khrushchevs relationship with Unites States of America regarding the nuclear power. China included the nuclear power in their development plan and wanted the Soviet nation to help them to achieve it. However the USSR refused Mao to help in developing nuclear weapon. Though USSR and PCR were stills officially allies but the relationship internally deteriorated. Khrushchev concluded that Maos decisions are destabilizing the nation and on the other side Mao considered USSRs diplomatic approach towards USA to be unreliable.[9] In the 1950s the USSR sent experts to China who could help the country in following the existing soviet model to centralize the countrys economic development. The method put more importance on the heavy industry and gives less importance to the consumer goods. However in the second phase of the decade started adapting diffe rent ideas to improve the communist socialism by mobilizing the Chinese workers. USSRs attitude towards Capitalist nations Stalin had condemned Tito and the relationship with Yugoslavia which Khrushchev reestablished after coming to power. These de Stalinization policies disturbed Mao. Mao was more inclined towards the political ideologies of Stalin so the denouncement of certain policies and principles angered Mao like the Cominform was developed with the purpose of coordinating actions among the various communist parties under the guidance of USSR, but this was rejected by Khrushchev.[10] The core political theories by Marx-Lenin were deemphasized by him as well. Khrushchevs actions to eliminate the war between socialism and capitalism in order to establish the coexistence created a great challenge for China. Mao Zedong implemented the policy after Civil War where the communist nations were expected to follow his foreign policy which he developed with the fear of American military intervention or Japanese Imperialism.[11] The different paths of Communism, Great Leap Forward served a medium As the communist leaders of China felt that the Soviet leader is hampering the global movement of communism militarily and ideologically, the support from the USSR is no longer guaranteed. In the Communist Party of Soviet Union of 1956 Mao Zedong suggested that all other communist nations should take lessons from USSRs activities.[12] He believed that China develop more in the socialist road than his companion in near future by taking object lessons from the Soviet nation. However it was yet impossible for China to claim to be the leader in the socialist area. Mao was preparing the nation for a great economic development as he did want to fall behind USSR. Mao announced that China would progress more than UK within coming 15 years.[13] During the Khrushchev era, Mao actually planned to surpass the USSR in the political and social construction. In order to achieve this goal Mao had to change his strategies and follow some other routes than the ones proposed by the USSR. The policies t hat Mao implemented in the process are The Great Leap Forward.[14] The project incorporated various changes in the domestic policies that were criticized by the Soviet Premier. The dream of great economic development has long been cherished by Mao. In 1956 Mao announced the similar plan to excel the powerful capitalist countries within few years. His aim was to establish a powerful socialist society in China through three five year plans. This plan reflected in the slogan surpassing Britain and catching up with USA provided great motivational strength to The Great Leap Forward.[15] The process was gaining collectivization in the countrys agriculture as the first step in achieving the great leap. If the nation achieves the initial mission, Mao believed the surpassing Great Britain and catching up the USA would be materialized. It was obvious that through the economic model Maos China would be surpassing Khrushchevs USSR. Mao had expressed in internal meetings that following the Sovie t Union approaches blindly. The communist leader knew that the political scenario of the country was different from USSR and the manpower was stronger than USSR. However there was much criticism internally, externally regarding its future success. Mao answered them by saying that Marxism was shifting towards the eastern countries it has great potential make the proposed planes successful. Maos real intention was to surpass USSR politically, technologically and financially. Success of The Great Leap Forward, Threat to USSR The Great Leap Forward has already initiated but the collectivism was yet to be completely implemented. The dissatisfaction was increasing among the rich farmers as they saw poor peasants and farms lacking efficiency are getting amalgamated.[16] However The Great Leap Forward through the communes of the people demonstrated the signs of a greater leap that can ensure Chinas better position in the world of communism. The soviet embassy in China commented that The Great Leap Forward is conceptual assessment but when compared to the countrys existing economy the review highlighted the leaderships economic illiteracy. The Chinese communist party in the Beidaihe meeting declared that in near future the partys agenda of becoming supreme communist power will soon be real. Mao predicted that China would modify the production relationship and thus the economic development of the country would surpass the USSR. The collectivization was different from the existing method in USSR where collective farms were only focused on agriculture and their lack of involvement with industry didnt help them to transit into communism completely. Chinas peoples communes took the help of great leap forward and economic development of 1958 wanted to shift from socialism to communism , in other words the party aimed to shift from socialist collective ownership to ownership by the whole people.[17] The criticism against the Great Leap and Maos action influenced the Schism In 1963 after the outburst of the China USSR polemic, the USSR government officials started to oppose the activities related to Great leap forward. In September the Pravda published significant news report regarding the great leap.[18] It stated how China had been achieving great success in agriculture and overall economy due to the great leap. It also highlighted if China continues to grow at that level it will soon become the strongest industrialized nation in the world. The soviet leaders in China expressed their criticism and concern about the leap in 1958. The experts reported that Chinese are using similar method that Soviet applied in 1930s; Khrushchev stated it as Chinas stupid mistake.[19] The experts refused any immediate economic or technological assistance as the USSR government instructed them. However a large number of young Soviet common man and cadres were influenced by the great leap. Many started to believe that great leap forward led China to explore new ways to co mmunism which USSR had failed to explore. Khrushchev saw this as threat and publicly stated that the method was not suitable for socio-political structure of USSR. On the other hand Mao Zedong was satisfied with the great leap results and made him believe that surpassing Soviet economic development was near. Vietnam, North Korea, East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Poland supported Chinas activities whole heartedly but USSR showed no support. The Peng Dehuainletter revealed complaints from the below level cadres against the great leap.[20] This encouraged the Soviet cadres they demonstrated this to the members as example. Mao announced that he would attack those who have been criticizing The Great Leap Forward experiment. Conclusion The Great Leap Forward was not the only reason that caused the schism; there were other reasons as well. The split began to come on the public surface when the USSR showed support to Tibet in their revolution against China in 1959. In 1960s Romanian Party Congress Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev criticized each other publicly.[21] Khrushchev accused Mao as the deviationist whose activities are not aligned with the partys official doctrine and Mao in return accused him of being a Marxist revisionist. As a result Khrushchev withdrew most support from China. Maos Three red banners that are The Great Leap Forward, the general line and peoples communes acted as key drivers towards the schism between USSR and China. Reference Bernstein, Thomas P. "Mao, Chinese Communism, and the USSR."Journal of Cold War Studies16.2 (2014) Cheng, Shi.China's Rural Industrialization Policy: Growing Under Orders Since 1949. accounting, (2006) Graziosi, Andrea. "Political Famines in the USSR and China: A Comparative Analysis."Journal of Cold War Studies(2017). Heinzig, Dieter.The Soviet Union and communist China 1945-1950: the arduous road to the alliance. Routledge, (2015) Hill, Christopher.Lenin and the Russian revolution. Read Books Ltd, (2016) 'Historic Lessons Of ChinaS Cultural Revolution, Political Manifestations' (Marxists.org, 2017) https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-7/cwp-cr/part-2.htm accessed 14 September 2017 Hong, Yinxing. "The Evolving Economic Thinking of the Communist Party of China."The China Path to Economic Transition and Development. Springer Singapore, (2016) Hsiung, Ping-Chun. "Pursuing Qualitative Research From the Global South:" Investigative Research" During China's" Great Leap Forward"(1958-62)."Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research. Vol. 16. No. 3. (2015) Jersild, Austin.Sino-Soviet Alliance: An International History. UNC Press Books, (2014) Kaple, Deborah. "Agents of Change: Soviet Advisers and High Stalinist Management in China, 19491960."Journal of Cold War Studies(2016). Khlevniuk, Oleg, and Simon Belokowsky. "The Gulag and the non-Gulag as one interrelated whole."Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History16.3 (2015) Koenker, Diane P.Moscow Workers and the 1917 Revolution: Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University. Princeton University Press, (2014) Mao, Zedong, and Stuart Schram.Mao's Road to Power: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49: v. 5: Toward the Second United Front, January 1935-July 1937: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49. Routledge, (2017) Mogos, Emy-Maria. "The position of the communist party of china towards the union of soviet socialist republics and the european socialist countries after the 20th congress of the soviet union communist party."Revista Romana de Studii Eurasiatice11.1/2 (2015) Roberts, Priscilla. "Introduction."China, Hong Kong, and the Long 1970s: Global Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (2017) Shen, Zhihua, and Yafeng Xia. "Leadership transfer in the Asian revolution: Mao Zedong and the Asian Cominform."Cold War History14.2 (2014) Shen, Zhihua, and Yafeng Xia. "The Great Leap Forward, the people's commune and the Sino-Soviet split."Journal of Contemporary China20.72 (2011) Sun, Ping. "The Functions of Mao Zedong's Enigmatic Language."Journal of Arts and Humanities4.6 (2015) Teiwes, Frederick C.Politics at Mao's Court: Gao Gang and Party Factionalism in the Early 1950s. Routledge, (2016) Xiao, Ren. "Idea Change Matters: China's Practices and the East Asian Peace."Asian Perspective40.2 (2016) Zagoria, Donald S.Sino-Soviet Conflict, 1956-1961. Princeton University Press, (2015) Zweig, David.Freeing China's Farmers: Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era: Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era. Routledge, (2016 [1] Jersild, Austin.Sino-Soviet Alliance: An International History. UNC Press Books, (2014) [2] Hill, Christopher.Lenin and the Russian revolution. Read Books Ltd, (2016) [3] Koenker, Diane P.Moscow Workers and the 1917 Revolution: Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University. Princeton University Press, (2014) [4] Kaple, Deborah. "Agents of Change: Soviet Advisers and High Stalinist Management in China, 19491960."Journal of Cold War Studies(2016). [5] Khlevniuk, Oleg, and Simon Belokowsky. "The Gulag and the non-Gulag as one interrelated whole."Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History16.3 (2015) [6] Zagoria, Donald S.Sino-Soviet Conflict, 1956-1961. Princeton University Press, (2015) [7] Xiao, Ren. "Idea Change Matters: China's Practices and the East Asian Peace."Asian Perspective40.2 (2016) [8] Teiwes, Frederick C.Politics at Mao's Court: Gao Gang and Party Factionalism in the Early 1950s. Routledge, (2016) [9] Graziosi, Andrea. "Political Famines in the USSR and China: A Comparative Analysis."Journal of Cold War Studies(2017) [10] Shen, Zhihua, and Yafeng Xia. "Leadership transfer in the Asian revolution: Mao Zedong and the Asian Cominform."Cold War History14.2 (2014) [11] Mao, Zedong, and Stuart Schram.Mao's Road to Power: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49: v. 5: Toward the Second United Front, January 1935-July 1937: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49. Routledge, (2017) [12] Bernstein, Thomas P. "Mao, Chinese Communism, and the USSR."Journal of Cold War Studies16.2 (2014) [13] Cheng, Shi.China's Rural Industrialization Policy: Growing Under Orders Since 1949. Springer, (2006) [14] Hsiung, Ping-Chun. "Pursuing Qualitative Research From the Global South:" Investigative Research" During China's" Great Leap Forward"(1958-62)."Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research. Vol. 16. No. 3. (2015) [15] Roberts, Priscilla. "Introduction."China, Hong Kong, and the Long 1970s: Global Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (2017) [16] Zweig, David.Freeing China's Farmers: Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era: Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era. Routledge, (2016) [17] Hong, Yinxing. "The Evolving Economic Thinking of the Communist Party of China."The China Path to Economic Transition and Development. Springer Singapore, (2016) [18] Shen, Zhihua, and Yafeng Xia. "The Great Leap Forward, the people's commune and the Sino-Soviet split."Journal of Contemporary China20.72 (2011) [19] 'Historic Lessons Of ChinaS Cultural Revolution, Political Manifestations' (Marxists.org, 2017) https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-7/cwp-cr/part-2.htm accessed 14 September 2017 [20] Sun, Ping. "The Functions of Mao Zedong's Enigmatic Language."Journal of Arts and Humanities4.6 (2015) [21] Mogos, Emy-Maria. "The position of the communist party of china towards the union of soviet socialist republics and the european socialist countries after the 20th congress of the soviet union communist party."Revista Romana de Studii Eurasiatice11.1/2 (2015)

Exclusion And Vicarious Liability Management-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exclusion Clause And Vicarious Liability Management? Answer: Introducation The main issue of the case is to decide the real position of the Qantas Airlines and whether there is any breach of contract present in between the Airbus Corporation Limited or not. The present case is based on the contract and certain professions are incorporated under this case. It is a common rule that in a agreement of contract the parties are liable to follow all the rules and regulations mentioned under the conditions department of contractual agreement. If the party or any of the parties could not able to meet, the requirements properly lovely pose against them and restrict them to do that thing. However, there are certain exceptions to the rule. It wasnt stated under the contract law that if the party or any of the party could not able to see certain professions paragraphs and without seeing them accept the same he will be get certain benefits under the exclusion clause. It has also been stated under the law that the law of contract is based on the offer and acceptance. A pe rson who won to deliver a sell certain things makes an offer and the other party have to show their interest and accept the offer matter. There are certain rules regarding the term acceptance. A person has request to accept anything after understanding all the Essential elements of the offer. However, if there is certain paragraphs mentioned under the contractual agreement and that are written in such a way that the accounting could not able to understand the inner meaning of the condition or failed to go through the condition as well, law will provide certain excuse under the exclusion clause to secure the interest of the party. In this case also the rule regarding the exclusion clause will be imposed on the party. It is common under the law of contract that the base of contract could not make without offer and acceptance. There are certain paragraphs mentioned that until the offer is accepted by the other party there will be no contract exist. There are certain provisions mentioned under the law of acceptance that Such acceptance must be free consent and there should not be any chance to coerce the person of Crave out the acceptance illegally. It has been stated under the case law of Donoghue vs Stevenson that in case of any offer there should be acceptance for each and once the offer is accepted the offer has to pay attention to the acceptor. In Wakeling v Ripley[1], it was held that a contract can be legally binding only use there is a valid offer and acceptance to the offer. It has been mentioned under the case law of Riches v Hogbrn[2] it has been held that a party who accept the offer made by the offer should accept the same in such a way or manner that is created by the offer or that is encrypted in the mind of the offeror. In the case of Grauco[3] it has been held that once the person accept all the requirements made by the offer he shall be restricted by Court to claim further. The reason behind the same is that it is presumed when a person give he is ordered free consent over such issue. It is stated under the law that when an offer has been made and the parties who accept the same could not able to add certain extra benefits under the conditions of the offer. If there is certain proof regarding the method that the acceptor has added extra provisions under the contractual rules and if the offeror could not able to understand its meaning and without the understanding he signed the contract then the transaction would not be considered as a valid acceptance or a valid contract. In Chapelton v Bary Urban District Council[4], it was held that there are certain limitation regarding the contractual liability and there is a profession mentioned under the contract law regarding the exclusion clause. The main objective of the exclusion Clause is that is in a contractual agreement there is certain provisions regarding the contract law that are not expected to be there under the control agreement. It is to be understand that if any of the position has made or included or added in the conditions of the contractual agreement it is the duty of the person who has decided search terms brought into the mind of the other party. Is the same principle has not been followed up properly the validity of the contract should not be possible. The relevant case law regarding the exclusion clause can be Causer v Browne[5]. There are certain profession mentioned under the contract law to determine the legality of the legal effect of the contract. It has been mentioned under the act that after the offer is made a person who accept the same, shall be made on the way where there is no classes of coercion and undue influence or fraudulent way. It has also been stated that if the additional term is not known to the parties to the contract or any of the parties to the contract the towns will be excluded from the contractual agreement. In Interphoto Picture Library v StillettoVisual Progrm[6], it has been held that after the contractual agreements and the terms of such agreement has been made no other conditions should be added with the management. If such terms are added it is said violate the principles of contractual law and hills make the contract void. The level of the contract law is very much civil in nature and therefore if any breach has been made regarding the contract act or the conditions of the contractual agreement, the aggrieved party has every right to claim damages from the liable party. In addition to the fact of claiming damage the address party me also sick from the earliest party such compensation then they had to face regarding the addition of the provision. Application In this present Case it is to be seen whether there is a valid offer and acceptance to the matter and whether there is any extra positions added under the contractual agreement or not. It is stated under the fact of the case that one Qantas made a contracting agreement for the period of 545 days. The contract is made under this case for the delivery of certain goods. All the necessary facts of the requirements made clear by the offer and the acceptor had agreed to provide all the requirements and therefore and acceptance has been made regarding the same. It is a common fact that once an offer is getting accepted the contract is formed as legally. It is a fact that after the acceptance of the offer made by the Qantas Airlines, the Airbus company has send a large number of documents and an additional conditions were made by the Airbus company. The Airbus Company has failed to make the first party know about the additional statements and therefore the case extract the profession of the exclusion clause of the contractual law. The requirements made by the Qantas Airlines that the Airbus company will provide them a high quality video entertainment system that must be hold 36 channels and there should be engine of good quality[7]. How was Earth after the contractual sub subject has been prepared and the first party of the contract started to using it has come to the knowledge of the party that the video system can hold 34 channels only and therefore the first party had to face serious monetary injury regarding the same.Therefore, it can be said that the Airbus company is liable under the exclusion clause as it was failed to make the additional provision knowledgeable for the first party and as a result of that the first party had to face severe business injury and therefore the Qantas Airlines can claim damage from the Airbus company for the Loss. The main issue of this case is whether the Frank can make the contract valid regarding the present scenario or not. The case is based on the vicarious liability where the main objective is the principal is liable for the act of the agent. The subject matter of the case attracts the principle of law of agency. Certain principles of miss representation of facts are also attracted in this case. It is a common principle that if a contract is made based on certain false statement Ben the law restrict the parties and invalidate the contract on the basis of misrepresentation of fact. The case regarding the misrepresentation has been proved in Eddington v Fitzmaurice[8]. The term miss representation of fact is differed from the puffery regarding the nature and character. In case of puffery, certain self exaggeration has been made and they have no legal significance as decided by the court in Dimmock v Hallet[9]. On the other hand miss representation can be take place in the contract where the contract is made based on false statement. Misrepresentation takes place well the other party to whom the misrepresented facts are delivered accept the same with a believe that the outcome of the facts will be beneficiary for him. A party that certain facts on Mr presented to them has decided it in the case of Hill versus Rose that it is enough to establish the fact and they had relied upon the misrepresented facts. In Lockhart v Osman[10] it was decided that a claim for misrepresentation can only be made one the other party did not know about the true nature of the statement and the decision to accept the or misrepresented fact is not affected by the prior knowledge regarding the facts. The miss representation of fat helps the intending party to induce the other party in the contract and cheat them by involving their names in the contractual agreement. However it is to be bored in mind that Silence could not be taken as an acceptance to the representation of business development. In Derry v Peek[11], it was held at fraudulent misrepresentation is made when the party who accepts then is represented facts knew the outcome of the facts and after knowing the facts they have not made any prudent decision or steps and sign the contract civil agreement based on the misrepresented facts. It is to be decided by the court that in case of fraudulent misrepresentation the party cannot claim any damage for their loss. The second problem regarding the case is based on the principle of agency. Certain exception present under the law of contract regarding the liability of the principal for the acts of the agent. The principal is known as the Vicarious liability. The case was established in the Pioneer Mortgage v Colombus Capital Pty Ltd[12]. The case is divided into two parts- at the first part, Gemma is a sales person and attempt to sell the dishware to one of her relative. The price that were fixed for the same $350. However, she had misrepresented the fact to the owner of the shop and told him that customer does not agree to pay more than $300. Believe the fact, Frank, the owner, agreed to sell the dishwasher at a price of $300. Later on, however, he came to know that there are customers who will pay $350 for the dishwasher. Therefore, in this case, Gemma misrepresented Frank and he can claim damage from her. In the second case, Bob was an employee under Frank and during his work, Bob had done something wrong and Frank suspended him for the same. after fired from the job, Bob sold 10 washing machine to Angela. Angela paid the money through online and then Bob fled away. When Angela asked for the machine, Frank told that Bob do not work there anymore. Conclusion: It either is to be stated that the principle of vicarious liability will apply here and Frank has to pay Angela the money or has to hand over the machine. Frank is bounded by the contract made between Bob and Angela. Reference: Appleman, John Alan, Jean Appleman, and Eric Mills Holmes.Contract Concerns: Reinsurance Contract Formation, Validity, And Judicial Construction. Vol. 14. Appleman on Insurance Law and Practice, 2016. Bourgeon, Jean-Marc, and Pierre Picard. "Fraudulent claims and nitpicky insurers."The American Economic Review104.9 (2014): 2900-2917. Causer v Browne (1952) VLR 1 Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council (1940) KB 532 Derry v. Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 33 Dimmock v Hallett (1866) LR 2 Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) 29 Ch D 459. Gergen, Mark P. "Negligent misrepresentation as contract." (2013). Hill v Rose [1990] VR 129 Interphoto Picture Library v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd (1988) 2 WLR 615 LEstange v Graucob (1923) 2KB 394 Lockhart v Osman [1981] VR 57 Murphy, Sharon M. "Sudden and Accidental Exception to the Pollution Exclusion Clause in Comprehensive General Liability Insurance Policies: The Gordian Knot of Environmental Liability, The."Vand. L. Rev.45 (1992): 161. Riches v Hogben [1986] 1 Qd R 315 Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd [2009] HCA 8 Tarr, Julie-Anne. "Insurance contract disclosurean uncertain balance."Insurance Law Journal26.2 (2015): 109-121. Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd (1971) 2 QB 163 Wakeling v Ripley (1951) 51 SR (NSW) 183 Watteau v Fenwick [1983] 1 QB 346 Young, Derek, et al. "A framework for incorporating insurance in critical infrastructure cyber risk strategies."International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection14 (2016): 43-57 [1] Causer v Browne (1952) VLR 1 [2] Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council (1940) KB 532 [3] Derry v. Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 33 [4] Dimmock v Hallett (1866) LR 2 [5] Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) 29 Ch D 459 [6] Interphoto Picture Library v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd (1988) 2 WLR 615 [7] Appleman, John Alan, Jean Appleman, and Eric Mills Holmes.Contract Concerns: Reinsurance Contract Formation, Validity, And Judicial Construction. Vol. 14. Appleman on Insurance Law and Practice, 2016. [8] Lockhart v Osman [1981] VR 57 [9] Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd [2009] HCA 8 [10] Lockhart v Osman [1981] VR 57 [11] Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd [2009] HCA 8 [12] Bourgeon, Jean-Marc, and Pierre Picard. "Fraudulent claims and nitpicky insurers."The American Economic Review104.9 (2014): 2900-2917.